Product Description
Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism: Treatment Overview
By Dr. Praveen M P
Splenomegaly, the abnormal enlargement of the spleen, often accompanies hypersplenism, a condition where an overactive spleen excessively destroys blood cells, leading to anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. These conditions arise from infections (e.g., malaria, mononucleosis), hematological disorders (e.g., leukemia, hemolytic anemia), liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), or autoimmune diseases.
Treatment Approach
Underlying Cause Management:
Infections: Antibiotics or antivirals are used for bacterial or viral causes, while antimalarial drugs treat parasitic infections.
Hematological Disorders: Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants are used for autoimmune conditions, while chemotherapy addresses malignancies.
Liver Disease: Managing cirrhosis with antiviral therapy, lifestyle changes, or liver-specific treatments can reduce splenic congestion.
Preventive Measures:
Vaccination against encapsulated organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae is crucial, particularly for patients undergoing splenectomy.
Intervention:
Splenectomy: Surgical removal is considered for severe cases with refractory symptoms or life-threatening cytopenias, often performed laparoscopically.
Radiotherapy: Rarely used in specific cases for symptom relief.
Supportive Care:
Blood transfusions or erythropoietin may be needed for anemia. Regular monitoring of blood counts and spleen size is essential.
Prognosis
Effective treatment of the underlying cause often resolves symptoms. In chronic conditions, ongoing follow-up is vital to prevent complications.
Note: Consult a specialist for personalized care.
Terms & conditions
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