Meningitis and Encephalitis Treatment
Meningitis and encephalitis are serious neurological conditions requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Meningitis involves inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, while encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain itself. Both conditions may result from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, or, in rare cases, autoimmune reactions.
Treatment for Meningitis
The approach depends on the cause. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics to prevent complications like brain damage or hearing loss. Corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Supportive care, including hydration and pain management, is crucial. Viral meningitis is typically less severe and may resolve with supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. However, antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, are used in specific viral infections like herpes simplex virus.
Treatment for Encephalitis
Prompt treatment is vital to reduce brain damage and improve outcomes. Antiviral therapy is the cornerstone for viral encephalitis, especially for herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Corticosteroids may be used to manage brain swelling. In severe cases, intensive care support, including mechanical ventilation, may be required. Immunomodulatory therapies are explored in autoimmune encephalitis.
Early intervention is key in both conditions. Dr. Praveen M. P. emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, confusion, or seizures and seeking medical attention immediately. Timely diagnosis and personalized treatment plans improve recovery and reduce complications.