Product Description
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) refers to infections that affect the structures below the larynx, including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli in the lungs. These infections are among the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, particularly in children, elderly individuals, and those with compromised immune systems.
Causes
LRTI is primarily caused by pathogens, including bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae), viruses (e.g., influenza, respiratory syncytial virus), and, less commonly, fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Histoplasma). The infection can spread through inhalation of infectious droplets or direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
Cough (productive or dry)
Shortness of breath
Chest pain (especially during breathing or coughing)
Fever
Fatigue
Wheezing or noisy breathing
Severe cases may present with cyanosis, rapid breathing, or confusion, indicating oxygen deprivation.
Types
Bronchitis – Inflammation of the bronchi, often viral in origin.
Bronchiolitis – Common in children, usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Pneumonia – Infection of the alveoli, which can fill with fluid or pus, leading to severe symptoms.
Diagnosis
LRTI is diagnosed based on clinical evaluation, including physical examination and patient history. Diagnostic tools may include chest X-rays, sputum analysis, blood tests, or pulse oximetry to assess oxygen levels.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the causative agent:
Bacterial LRTIs: Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, azithromycin).
Viral LRTIs: Supportive care, including hydration, rest, and antiviral medications if indicated.
Fungal LRTIs: Antifungal drugs (e.g., amphotericin B).
Symptomatic relief may include bronchodilators, antipyretics, and oxygen therapy in severe cases.
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
Vaccination (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal vaccines).
Good hand hygiene.
Avoiding smoking and other lung irritants.
Timely medical intervention for chronic respiratory conditions.
Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent complications such as respiratory failure or sepsis.
Terms & conditions
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