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Fever and Infectious Diseases
From Dr. Praveen M P
Fever is a common symptom of various infectious diseases. It is often the body's response to infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common infectious diseases associated with fever.
1. Dengue Fever
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. Symptoms include a high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, skin rash, and pain behind the eyes. In severe cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, both of which are life-threatening conditions.
2. Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. It is commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include prolonged fever, weakness, abdominal pain, headache, and constipation or diarrhea. Typhoid can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can be fatal.
3. Malaria
Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include cyclical fever, chills, sweating, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. Malaria can be severe and, if untreated, can lead to organ failure and death. Antimalarial medications are used for treatment and prevention.
4. Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes high fever, severe joint pain, rash, and headache. The joint pain can persist for weeks or even months, leading to prolonged discomfort. While there is no specific antiviral treatment, supportive care and pain relief are recommended.
5. Viral Fever
Viral fevers are caused by various viruses, including influenza, the common cold, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Symptoms typically include fever, chills, fatigue, headache, and body aches. Most viral fevers resolve on their own, but antiviral medications may be prescribed for certain viral infections.
6. Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe viral infection caused by the variola virus. It is highly contagious and presents with fever, fatigue, and a characteristic rash. Smallpox was declared eradicated globally in 1980 after a successful vaccination campaign.
7. Chickenpox
Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a contagious disease that causes fever, fatigue, and an itchy skin rash with red spots and blisters. It typically resolves in about two weeks, but complications can occur in vulnerable populations.
8. Rabies (Dog Bite)
Rabies is a viral infection transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, typically through bites. It causes fever, anxiety, confusion, agitation, and hydrophobia. Rabies is fatal if not treated immediately after exposure, with a series of post-exposure vaccinations being the preventive measure.
9. Tetanus
Tetanus is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani. It often enters the body through deep wounds. Symptoms include fever, muscle stiffness, spasms, and difficulty swallowing. Tetanus can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention with antibiotics and a tetanus antitoxin.
Fever, though a common symptom, should not be ignored. If it persists or is accompanied by severe symptoms, prompt medical attention is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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